District Agricultural Profile Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Region /Sub Region (ICAR) Karnataka plateau Rayalaseema as inclusive Agro Ecological Sub Region (3.0) Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Scare rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh (AP-6) List all the districts or part thereof falling under the NARP Zone Ananthapuramu (entire district) and Kurnool (entire district) Geographic coordinates of district Latitude - 140 41’ NLongitude - 770 37’ EAltitude - 350 m Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal Mention the KVK located in the district KVK, Reddipalli and KVK, Kalyandurg Rainfall Rainfall Average (mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation SW monsoon (June-Sep) 338 1st week of June 2nd week of October NE Monsoon (Oct-Dec) 155 3rd week of week October 1st week of December Winter (Jan- March) 3 Summer (Apr-May) 56 Annual 552 Land use pattern of the district (latest statistics 2017-18) Geographical area Forest area Land under non-agricultural use Permanent pastures Cultivable wasteland Land under Misc. tree crops and groves Barren and uncultivable land Current fallows Other fallows Area (‘000 ha) 1913.0 197.0 150.8 5.8 45.4 9.3 164.7 432.2 113.5 Major Soils Soils Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total Shallow red soils 934 78 Black soils 239 20 Others 23 2 Agricultural land use Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity % Net sown area 793 106 Area sown more than once 49 Gross cropped area 842 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2017-18) Irrigation Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) Net irrigated area 136.5 Gross irrigated area 174.1 Rainfed area 656.5 Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) % area Canals 10.997 6.4 Tanks 3.181 1.8 Tube wells & filter points 121.24 69.7 Lift irrigation 0.089 - Other sources 0.866 0.5 Total 136.5 Pump sets Micro-irrigation 28,692 33.55 19.3 Groundwater availability and use No. of blocks % area Quality of water Over exploited 28 12 Normal Critical 12 8 Saline /Alkaline Semi- critical 9 15 Chloride Safe NA 65 Fluoride Wastewater availability and use 1443.25 NA *over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70% Major Field Crops cultivated Field crop Area (‘000 ha)* Kharif Rabi Summer Total Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed 1 Groundnut - 402.4 20.7 423 2 Bengalgram 74 74 3 Sunflower 1.44 0.52 1.95 4 Rice 12.29 18.6 30.9 5 Redgram 72.8 72.8 6 Sorghum 18.4 4.45 22.9 7 Maize 19.0 4.22 23.26 8 Cotton 45.43 0.114 45.56 9 Ragi 1.64 0.8 2.46 Horticulture crops Fruits Total area (‘000 ha)* Sweet orange 11.94 Mango 20.35 Papaya 0.781 Banana Vegetables Tomato 14.2 Chillies 7.53 Flowers Marigold 0.350 Livestock Livestock (2012 censes) Male (number) Female (number) Total (number) Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 181203 255345 617270 Crossbred cattle Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 3362 218973 371127 Graded Buffaloes Goat 785210 Sheep 3879840 Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 28556 Commercial dairy farms (Number) Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (number) Commercial 1589288 Backyard Fisheries A. Capture i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries Department) No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage facilites (Ice plants etc.) Mechanized Non-mechanized Mechanized (Trawl nets, Gill nets) Non-mechanized (Shore Seines, Stake & trap nets) ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department) No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks 34 5 326 Production and Productivity of major crops (Average of last 3 years: 2015, 2016, 2017) Sl.No Crop Kharif Rabi Summer Total Production ('000 t) Productivity (kg/ha) Production ('000 t) Productivity (kg/ha) Production ('000 t) Productivity (kg/ha) Production ('000 t) Productivity (kg/ha) 1 Groundnut 323.8 697 323.8 697 2 Bengal gram 30.2 463 30.2 463 3 Paddy 120.7 4103 4 Red gram 9.8 170 9.8 170 5 Sunflower 0.044 335 Others Major Horticultural crops Fruits 1 Sweet Orange 75.54 7776 2 Mango 23.81 1994 3 Papaya 26.18 39840 4 Banana Vegetables 1 Tomato 188.1 17430 2 Chillies 42.67 8006 Flowers 1 Marigold 2.414 8183 Sowing window for 5 major crops (start and end of sowing period) Season Crop 1 : Groundnut Crop 2: Paddy Crop 3: Bengalgram Crop 4: Jowar Crop 5: Redgram Kharif- Rainfed July --- --- Up to July 1st week (grain)Up to Mid Sep (fodder) June 2nd FN – August 1st FN Kharif-Irrigated --- July 2nd FN-Aug 1st FN --- --- --- Rabi- Rainfed --- --- Oct 2nd FN-Nov 1st FN --- --- Rabi-Irrigated Nov 15th – Dec 30th Dec 1st - 30th --- --- --- What is the major contingency the district is prone to? Contigency Regular Occasional None Drought * Flood * High intense storms * Cyclone * Hail storm * * Heat wave * Cold wave * Frost * Sea water inundation * Pests and diseases (specify) * Digital maps of the district Location map of district Ananthapur within State Andhra Pradesh Mean annual rainfall Soil map Strategies for weather related contingencies Drought 1. Rainfed situation Condition Suggested Contingency measures Major Farming situation Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping system Agronomic measures Remarks on Implementation Early season drought (delayed onset) Delay by 2 weeks July 2nd FN Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram intercropping (7:1) No change - - Delay by 4 weeks (August 1st FN) Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram (15:1) inter cropping Red gram LRG-52, PRG 176 - Delay by 6 weeks August 2nd FN Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram intercropping system Pure crop of Jowar (CSH-9, 13, CSV-12, 13, NTJ1-3) / Pearl millet (ICTP 8203, ICMV-221, ICMH-451, ABV 04) / Cowpea / Greengram (WGG 42, LGG-460, IPM 2-14) / Setaria (SiA 3085, Suryanandi ) Jowar / pearl millet are cut for fodder at 45 DAS and 65 DAS and left for grains if rains are continued. - Delay by 8 weeks September 1st FN Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram intercropping system Pure crop of Jowar (fodder) PGH-1 & 2) / Pearl millet (ICTP 8203, ICMV-221, ICMH-451, ABV 04) / Cowpea / Greengram (WGG 42, LGG-460, IPM 2-14) Jowar / Pearl millet are cut for fodder at 45 DAS and 65 DAS and left for grains if rains are continued. 2. Top dressing of urea for millets. - September 2nd FN shallow alfisols Horse gram Only horsegram is recommended. No fertilizer to crop is recommended to horsegram. Major Farming situation Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil management Remarks on Implementation Early season drought (normal onset) 15-20 days dry spell after sowing leading to poor germination/crop stand etc.) Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram - - - Mid season drought (long dry spell, > 2 consecutive weeks rainless (>2.5 mm) period At vegetative stage Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram Protect the crop from Thrips which act as vectors for PBND and PSND, Chloropyriphos @ 2ml/L at 7-10 days interval Formation of conservation furrows @ 3.6 m interval at 21 DAS Intercultivation for weed control and moisture conservation Mulching with groundnut shells - Mid season drought (long dry spell) At reproductive stage Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram Supplemental irrigation with harvested rain water in ponds (20 mm depth.) by using micro-irrigation (Sprinklers) Foliar spray with 2% KNO3 - Digging of farm ponds may be encouraged under NREC Major Farming situation Crop/cropping system Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks on Implementation Terminal drought Shallow red soils Groundnut + Redgram Supplemental irrigation with harvested rain water in ponds (20 mm depth) by using micro-irrigation. - Digging of farm ponds may be encouraged under NREC 2. Irrigated situation Condition Suggested Contingency measures Major Farming situation Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping system Agronomic measures Remarks on Implementation Delayed/ limited release of water in canals due to low rainfall Red soils Black soils Tankfed areas Paddy ID crops like Groundnut (NOV 15th – Dec 31st ) and Castor ( Oct) - - Non release of water in canals under delayed onset of monsoon in catchment Tail end areas Groundnut and sunflower Jowar / Greengram / Horsegram are recommended during September as rainfed crops. - - Lack of inflows into tanks due to insufficient /delayed onset of monsoon Tankfed red soils Tankfed black soils Paddy Jowar - - Insufficient groundwater recharge due to low rainfall Bore well irrigated red soils and black soils GroundnutSunflower No change Timely sowing is advised Irrigation at critical stages through Micro irrigation systems Limited number of irrigations are suggested - Any other condition Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations) Condition Suggested contingency measure Continuous high rainfall in a short span leading to water logging Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest Groundnut -- Drain excess water Timely plant protection measures are to be taken against LLS, rust and stem rot Weather based advisory to be followed for harvesting. Shifting of produce immediately after drying Threshing on 5th day after harvest of groundnut crop. Horticulture crops – Fruits Sweet Orange Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Foliar spray of micronutrient mixture is also to be taken up. Sand casting around the tree trunks should be removed up to the collar region of the tree to prevent fungal infections. If the tree age is above eight years a booster dose of 500 g of Urea and 750 g MOP per tree should be applied. Wind damaged branches should be pruned using disinfected secateurs and cut ends must be smeared with Bordeaux paste Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Foliar spray of micronutrient mixture is also to be taken up. Sand casting around the tree trunks should be removed up to the collar region of the tree to prevent fungal infections. If the tree age is above eight years a booster dose of 500 g of Urea and 750 g MOP per tree should be applied. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature fruits in a clear sunny day. Store the fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Mango Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times Drain the excess water as soon as possible Harvest the mature produce in a clear sunny day’ Store the fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Papaya Drain out the excess water Outbreak of any sucking past should be controlled using systemic insecticides Water logging near trunk should be prevented Drench the plants with copper fungicides to prevent collar rot Drain out the excess water Outbreak of any sucking pest should be controlled using systemic insecticides Water logging near trunk should be prevented Drain out the excess water Harvest the marketable fruits in a clear sunny day Out break of any sucking pests should be controlled by using systemic insecticides Water logging near trunk should be prevented Micronutrient deficiencies should be corrected by foliar sprays of Fe, Mg, Zn, Bo and Mn Store the fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Banana Drain the excess water as soon as possible Inter-cultivate the soil with gorru for aeration. Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per plant at two to three times intervals. Gap filling may be taken up if the plants are two weeks old and sowing window is still available for the crop. If the age of the plant is less than three months and submergence up to three feet better to replant the garden. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per plant at two to three times intervals. If the age the plant is more than three months and less than seven months allow one sword sucker for ratoon and take up fertilization at monthly intervals for four months. Staking with bamboos to prevent further lodging. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Harvest the marketable bunches in a clear sunny day. Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times for quick development of immature bunches. Staking with bamboos to prevent further lodging. Use ripening chambers for quick ripening Market the produce as soon as possible. Horticulture crops vegetables Tomato Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 12 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Gap filling may be taken up if the plants are two weeks old and sowing window is still available for the crop. In case of severe damage (considered as complete economical loss), and the contingency period is between June to August, sowing of best alternative crop must be taken up. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 10 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Harvest the marketable fruits in a clear sunny day’ Store the harvested fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Chillies -do- -do- -do- Dry the pods on concrete floor immediately after the appearance of sunlight (or). Use poly house solar driers for quick drying Grade the pods and market as soon as possible. Do not store such produce for long periods. Horticulture crops flowers Mari gold Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Harvest the marketable flowers as soon as possible Store the flowers in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the flowers as soon as possible Floods Condition Suggested contingency measure Transient water logging/ partial inundation Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest Horticulture crops – Fruits Sweet Orange Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Plant protection measures may be taken for control of insect vectors and diseases. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Foliar spray of micronutrient mixture is also to be taken up. Sand casting around the tree trunks should be removed up to the collar region of the tree to prevent fungal infections. If the tree age is above eight years a booster dose of 500 g of Urea and 750 g MOP per tree should be applied. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Foliar spray of micronutrient mixture is also to be taken up. Sand casting around the tree trunks should be removed up to the collar region of the tree to prevent fungal infections. If the tree age is above eight years a booster dose of 500 g of Urea and 750 g MOP per tree should be applied. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature fruits as soon as possible. Store the fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Mango Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature fruits as soon as possible. Store the fruits in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Papaya -do- -do- -do- -do- Banana Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per plant in two to three splits at monthly intervals. If the age the plant is more than three months and less than seven months allow one sword sucker for ratoon and take up fertilization at monthly intervals for four months. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Stake the plants with bamboos to prevent further lodging. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature bunches as soon as possible. Use ripening chambers for quick and uniform ripening Store the harvested bunches in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the fruits as soon as possible. Horticulture crops vegetables Tomato Drain the excess water as soon as possible Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 10 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution once. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature produce as soon as possible. Store the produce in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the produce as soon as possible. Chillies Drain the excess water as soon as possible Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Gap filling may be taken up if the plants are two weeks old and sowing window is still available for the crop. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Dry the pods on concrete floor/ tarpaulins. Spray any drying oil after the pods are free from surface moisture for quick drying. Use poly house solar driers for quick drying Remove the pest and disease infected pods. Market the produce as soon as possible. Horticulture crops - Flowers Marigold Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water from the field as early as possible. Apply booster dose of nutrients to promote the growth Drain the excess water from the field as early as possible. Apply booster dose of nutrients to promote the growth Drain the excess water from the field as early as possible. Apply booster dose of nutrients to promote the growth Take appropriate measures to check the soil borne pathogens and sucking pest complex. Harvest the flowers and market immediately Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure Cyclone Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest Horticulture crops – Fruits Sweet Orange Spray Carbendazim 1 g or COC 3g per litre to prevent spread of diseases If the damage is severe, go for resowing. Tress fallen on ground may be lifted and earthed up Manuring and plant protection measures have to be taken up. Broken and damaged branches may be pruned and applied with Bordeaux paste Tress fallen on ground may be lifted and earthed up Manuring and plant protection measures have to be taken up. Broken and damaged branches may be pruned and applied with Bordeaux paste Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature fruits as soon as possible. Collect the fallen fruits and sell immediately or go for preparation of processed products. If to store, store the produce in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Broken and damaged branches may be pruned and applied with Bordeaux paste Mango -do- -do- -do- -do- Papaya Drain the excess water as soon as possible and drench the plants with any copper fungicide to prevent collar rot Drain the excess water as soon as possible and drench the plants with any copper fungicide to prevent collar rot Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature fruits as soon as possible. Store the produce in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the produce as soon as possible. Collect the fallen fruits and sell immediately or go for preparation of processed products. Banana Wind damaged plants should be pruned using disinfected secaetures and cut ends must be smeared with Bordeaux paste Drain the excess water as soon as possible The fallen tress may be cut leaving two suckers Inter-cultivate the soil with gorru for aeration. Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per plant in two to three splits at monthly intervals. Gap filling may be taken up if the plants are two weeks old and sowing window is still available for the crop. If the age of the plant is less than three months and submergence up to three feet better to replant the garden. Wind damaged plants should be pruned using disinfected secaetures and cut ends must be smeared with Bordeaux paste Drain the excess water as soon as possible The fallen tress may be cut leaving two suckers Topdressing of booster dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per plant at two to three times intervals Mature bunches on the completely damaged plants be covered with Llaves and harvested with in 15-20daysStake the plants with bamboos to prevent further lodging. Wind damaged plants should be pruned using disinfected secaetures and cut ends must be smeared with Bordeaux paste Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature bunches as soon as possible. use ripening chambers for quick and uniform ripening Store the harvested bunches in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the produce as soon as possible. 3-4 foliar application of KNO3 on immature/developing bunches and leaves at weekly intervals. Staking with bamboo for support Horticulture crops vegetables Tomato Grow nursery on raised beds. If damage is more go for resowing Uprooted plants may be lifted and earthed up Drain the excess water as soon as possible Gap filling must be done immediteatly Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. If damage is more, go for replanting Uprooted plants may be lifted and earthed up Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Harvest the mature produce as soon as possible. Store the produce in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the produce as soon as possible. Chillies Grow nursery on raised beds. Uprooted plants may be lifted and earthed up Drain the excess water as soon as possible Gap filling must be done immediately If damage is more go for replanting Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Uprooted plants may be lifted and earthed up Drain the excess water as soon as possible Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3 times. Topdressing of booster dose of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea per acre as soon as possible. Drain the excess water as soon as possible. Dry the pods on concrete floor/ tarpaulins immediately. Use poly house solar driers for quick drying Remove the pest and disease infected pods. Horticulture crops - Flowers Marigold Drain the excess water as soon as possible and drench the plants with any copper fungicide Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Gap filling must be done immediately If damage is more , go for replanting Drain the excess water as soon as possible and drench the plants with any copper fungicide Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Gap filling must be done immediately If damage is more ,go for replanting Drain the excess water as soon as possible and drench the plants with any copper fungicide Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3 solution 2-3 times. Gap filling must be done immediately If damage is more, go for replanting Drain the excess water from the field as early as possible. Harvest the marketable flowers as soon as possible. Store the produce in well ventilated place temporarily before it can be marketed. Market the produce as soon as possible Heat Wave Horticulture crops - Fruits Sweet Orange, Mango, Papaya Cover the newly planted plants with dry leaves Increase the frequency of irrigation. Mulch the plant basins with dried leaves Increase the frequency of irrigation Increase the frequency of irrigation. Provide irrigation at critical stages viz; peanut size and marble size Harvest the fruits either in the morning or in the evening Use ripening chambers for getting quality fruits Banana Cover the newly planted plants with dry leaves Increase the frequency of irrigation. Mulch the plant basins with dried banana leaves Increase the frequency of irrigation Cover the developing bunches with banana leaves Increase the frequency of irrigation. Harvest the bunches either in the morning or in the evening Use ripening chambers for getting quality fruits Horticulture crops - Vegetables and flowers Vegetables and flowers Provide shade to the newly planted /seedlings Irrespective of stage increase the frequency of irrigation. Use mulches Add bulky organic manures at the time of last ploughing Harvest either in the morning or in the evening Coconut Provide shade to the newly planted /seedlings Irrespective of stage increase the frequency of irrigation. Use mulches Add bulky organic manures at the time of last ploughing Provide light irrigation Delay the harvesting Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries General contingency measures for Livestock Before the event During the event After the event Feed and fodder availability Conserving fodder/crop residues/ forest grass by silage / hay making either by individual or on community basis Preparing complete diets and storing in strategic locations Organize procurement of dry fodders / feed ingredients from surplus areas Establish fodder banks and feed banks Livestock relief camps during floods/cyclones must be planned in the vicinity of relief camps for people Capacity building and preparedness Organise relief camps Supply silage / hay to farmers with productive stock on subsidized rates Segregate old, weak and unproductive stock and send for slaughter Supply mineral mixture to avoid deficiencies Dry fodder must be offered to the livestock in little quantities for number of times Concentrate feed or complete feed must be offered to only productive and young stock only Capacity building to stake holders on drought /cyclone/flood mitigation in livestock sector Promote fodder cultivation. Flushing the stock to recoup Avoid soaked and mould infected feeds / fodders to livestock Replenish the feed and fodder banks Promote fodder preservation techniques like silage / hay making Drinking water Construct drinking water tanks in herding places, village junctions and in relief camp locations Plan for sufficient number of tanks for water transportation Identify bore wells, which can sustain demand. Procure sufficient quantities of water Sanitizers Regular supply of clean drinking water to all tanks Cleaning the tanks in regular intervals Keep the livestock away from contaminated flood/cyclone/stagnated waters Add water sanitizers Hand over the maintenance of the structures to panchayats Sensitize the farming community about importance of clean drinking water Health and disease Management Procure and stock emergency medicines and vaccines for important endemic diseases of the area All the stock must be immunized for endemic diseases of the area Carry out deworming to all young stock Keep stock of bleaching powder and lime Carry out Butax spray for control of external parasites Identify the Clinical staff and trained paravets and indent for their services as per schedules Identify the volunteers who can serve in need of emergency Keep close watch on the health of the stock Sick animals must be isolated and treated separately. Carry out deworming and spraying to all animals entering into relief camps Clean the animal houses regularly and apply disinfectants. Safe and hygienic disposal of dead animal carcasses Organize with community daily lifting of dung from relief camps Keep close surveillance on disease outbreak. Undertake the vaccination depending on need Keep the animal houses clean and spray disinfectants Livestock Detailed Contingency strategies Drought Suggested contingency measures Before the event During the event After the event Feed and Fodder availability As chronically drought prone district, it should have reserves of the following at any point of the year for mobilization to the needy areas (for feeding 5000 ACU (maintenance ration) for about 1-3 weeks period) Silage:20-50 t Urea molasses mineral bricks (UMMB):50-100 t Hay:100-250 t Concentrates: 20-50 t Minerals and vitamin supplements mixture:1-5 t Establishment of silvi-pastoral system in CPRs with Stylosanthus hamata and Cenchrus ciliaris as grass with Leucaena leucocephala as tree component (or suggest suitable similar system to your district) Top dressing of N in 2-3 split doses @ 20-25 kg N/ha in common property resources (CPRs) like temple lands, panchyat lands or private property resources (PPRs) like waste and degraded lands with the monsoon pattern for higher biomass production Promote cultivation of short duration fodder crops of sorghum/bajra/maize (UP chari, MP chari, HC-136, HD-2, GAINT BAJRA, L-74, K-677, Ananad/African Tall, Kisan composite, Moti, Manjari, B1-7 and also sunhemp Chopping of fodder should be made as mandatory in every village through supply and establishment of good quality chaff cutters. Harvesting and collection of perennial vegetation particularly grasses which grow during monsoon Proper drying, bailing and densification of harvested grass from previous season Creation of permanent fodder, feed and fodder seed banks in all drought prone villages Harvest and use biomass of dried up crops (Groundnut, jowar, ragi, Rice, maize, black gram, green gram, horsegram) material as fodder. Harvest the tree fodder (Neem, Subabul, Acasia, Pipal etc) and unconventional feeds resources available and use as fodder for livestock (LS). Available feed and fodder should be cut from CPRs and stall fed in order to reduce the energy requirements of the animals and supplemented with groundnut haulms. UMMB, hay, concentrates and vitamin & mineral mixture should be transported to the needy areas from the reserves at the district level initially and latter stages from the near by districts. Hay should be enriched with 2% Urea molasses solution or 1% common salt solution and fed to LS Herd should be split and supplementation (either groundnut haulms or concentrate mixture) should be given only to the highly productive and breeding animals Provision of emergency grazing/feeding (Cow-calf camps or other special arrangements to protect high productive & breeding stock) Motivate the farmers to mix the dry fodder with available kitchen waste or groundnut haulms while feeding Arrangements should be made for mobilization of small ruminants across the villages where no drought exits with subsidized road/rail transportation and temporary shelter provision for the shepherds Unproductive livestock should to be culled during severe drought Create transportation and marketing facilities for the culled and unproductive animals. Supply silage and or hay on subsidized rates to the farmers having high productive stock Subsidized loans should be provided to the livestock keepers Concentrates supplementation should be provided to all the animals. The farmers may be advised to practice “flushing the stock” to recoup either with groundnut haulms or concentrate mixture Short duration fodder crops of should be sown in unsown and crop failed areas where no further routine crop sowing is not possible Supply of quality seeds of fodder varieties and motivating the farmers to cultivate at least 10% of their land holding for fodder production Heat wave As the district chronically prone to heat waves the following permanent measures are suggested Plantation of trees like Neem, Pipal, Subabul around the shed Spreading of husk/straw/coconut leaves on the roof of the shed Water sprinklers / foggers in the animal shed Application of white reflector paint on the roof to reduce thermal radiation effect e animals In severe cases, vitamin ‘C’ (5-10ml per litre) and electrolytes (Electoral powder @ 20g per litre) should be added in water during severe heat waves. Feed the animals as per routine schedule Allow the animals for grazing (normal timings) Health and Disease management List out the endemic diseases (species wise) in the district and store vaccines for those diseases Timely vaccination (as per enclosed vaccination schedule) against all endemic diseases Surveillance and disease monitoring network to be established at Joint Director (Animal Husbandry) office in the district Constitution of Rapid Action Veterinary Force Procurement of emergency medicines and medical kits Close observation of animals for heat stress symptoms Conducting mass animal health camps Conducting fertility camps Mass deworming camps Allow the animals for grazing (normal timings) Insurance Encouraging insurance of livestock Listing out the details of the dead animals Submission for insurance claim and availing insurance benefit Purchase of new productive animals Drinking water Identification of water resources Rain water harvesting and create water bodies / watering points (when water is scarce use only as drinking water for animals) Restrict wallowing of animals in water bodies/resources Bleach (0.1%) drinking water / water sources Provide clean drinking water Vaccination programme for cattle and buffalo Disease Age and season at vaccination Anthrax In endemic areas only, Feb to May Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) May to June Black quarter (BQ) May to June Foot and mouth disease (FMD) July/August and November/December Vaccination schedule in small ruminants (Sheep & Goat) Disease Season Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Preferably in winter / autumn Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Preferably in January Black quarter (BQ) May / June Enterotoxaemia (ET) May Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) March / June Sheep pox (SP) November Poultry Before the event During the event After the event Drought Shortage of feed ingredients Storing of house hold grain like maize, broken rice, bajra etc, in to use as feed in case of severe drought Supplementation only for productive birds with house hold grain Supplementation of shell grit (calcium) for laying birds Culling of weak birds Supplementation to all survived birds Drinking water Use water sanitizers or offer cool drinking water Health and disease Management Culling of sick birds. Deworming and vaccination against RD and fowl pox Mixing of Vit. A,D,E, K and B-complex including vit C in drinking water (5ml in one litre water) Hygiene and sanitation of poultry house Disposal of dead birds by burning / burying with lime powder in pit Heat wave Shelter/environment management Provision of proper shelter with good ventilation In severe cases, foggers/water sprinklers/wetting of hanged gunny bags should be arranged Don’t allow for scavenging during mid day Routine practices are followed Health and disease Management Deworming and vaccination against RD and fowl pox Supplementation of house hold grain Provide cool and clean drinking water with electrolytes and vit. C (5-10 ml per litre) In hot summer, add anti-stress probiotics in drinking water or feed (Restobal etc., 10-20ml per litre) Routine practices are followed Contingency strategies for Fisheries Not applicable for the district