Temperature In 2025, all India annual mean land surface air temperature was 0.28°C higher than the 1991-2020 long-term average. This made 2025 the eighth warmest year since nationwide temperature records began in 1901. The warmest year on record was 2024, when temperatures across India were 0.65°C above the long-term average. The all-India seasonal mean temperature were above the long-term average during the winter (January-February) and pre-monsoon (March-May) seasons, with anomalies of +1.17°C and +0.29°C, respectively. During the southwest monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-December) seasons, seasonal mean temperatures were near to the long-term average, with anomalies of +0.09°C and -0.10°C, respectively. February recorded the highest monthly mean temperature ever for the country, with an anomaly of +1.36°C, while January marked the second-highest on record, with an anomaly of +0.98°C, since 1901. In 2025, February recorded the second-highest monthly maximum temperature (+1.52°C) and the highest monthly minimum temperature (+1.20°C) ever. January, September, and October recorded the fifth-highest monthly minimum temperature anomalies (+1.04°C, +0.63°C, and +0.82°C, respectively) since 1901. Rainfall The 2025 annual rainfall over the country as a whole was (1274 mm) 110% of the Long Period Average (LPA) for the period of 1971-2020. Seasonally, winter rainfall was below normal (52% of its LPA), while rainfall during all the other three seasons were above normal with the pre-monsoon, southwest monsoon and post monsoon seasons recorded rainfall of 142% 108% and 111% of LPA respectively. In 2025, the Southwest monsoon advanced early, reaching the south Andaman Sea and Nicobar Islands on 13th May about six days before the normal date. It arrived in over Kerala on 24th May, eight days earlier than it's normal date of 1 June and covered the entire country on 29th June 2025 9 days ahead of its normal date 8th July. All-India rainfall in May (126.7 mm) was the highest on record since 1901, while the total rainfall during the pre-monsoon season (185.8 mm) ranked as the third-highest since 1901. During the southwest monsoon season (June-September), which is the principal rainy season of the country, was above normal (108% of LPA). The 2025 Northeast/ post monsoon season (October-December) rainfall over the country as a whole was above normal (111% of LPA). Severe weather events Cyclonic activity over the North Indian Ocean during 2025 was normal, with four cyclonic storms (2 each cyclonic and severe cyclonic storms) formed during the year. Incidentally, all these systems developed during the post-monsoon season: SHAKTI (1-7 October), MONTHA (25-30 October), SENYAR (25-27 November), and DITWAH (26 November-1 December). Of the four systems, three (MONTHA, SENYAR, and DITWAH) developed over the Bay of Bengal, while one (SHAKTI) originated over the Arabian Sea. However, during 2025, a total of 11 depressions (including three deep depressions) formed over the North Indian Ocean, which is higher than the climatological annual average of about six systems. In addition to cyclonic systems, several extreme weather events, including cloud bursts, heavy rainfall, floods, landslides, lightning, thunderstorms, droughts, and related hazards were reported across different parts of the country. During 2025, approximately 2,760 fatalities were recorded across the country as a result of various extreme weather events. Uttar Pradesh emerged as the most severely affected state, reporting over 410 deaths attributed to lightning, thunderstorms, heavy rainfall, floods, heat waves, and cold waves. To read the full report, click here.